Indlela eyisisekelo yokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ukuze isebenzise izindlela ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe zokuhlukanisa, isuse futhi iphinde iphinde ingcolise ama-pollitants aqukethwe indle namanzi amkhuculukelayo, noma aziguqule abe yizinto ezilimazayo zokuhlanza amanzi.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha indle, evame ukuhlukaniswa izigaba ezine, okungukuthi ukwelashwa okungokwemvelo, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa kwemvelo.
1. Ukwelashwa Ngemvelo
Ngokusebenzisa i-metabolism yama-microorganisms, ukungcoliswa kwe-organic ngesimo sezixazululo, ama-colloids kanye nokumiswa kwezincangulo emihle emanzi angcolile aguqulwa abe yizinto ezinzile nezilimazi. Ngokwe-microorganisms ehlukile, ukwelashwa okuphilayo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukwelashwa kwe-aerobic kwebhayoloji kanye nokwelashwa kwe-anaerobic.
Indlela yokwelashwa ye-aerobic yemvelo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelashweni kwamanzi amdaka. Ngokwezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zenqubo, indlela yokwelashwa ye-aerobic yezenkolo ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: Indlela esetshenzisiwe ye-Sludge nendlela ye-biofilm. Inqubo esetshenzisiwe ye-sludge ngokwayo iyunithi yokwelashwa, inezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza. Imishini yokwelashwa yendlela ye-biofilm ifaka i-biofilter, i-biofiortuble, i-biological oxidation Tank Tank kanye nombhede we-biological fluedized, njll. Ukwelashwa nge-Anaerobic Biological, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa okuphilayo, kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha amanzi amdaka agxilisa ukugxila kanye ne-sludge.
2. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa nokubuyisa ukungcola okumisiwe okumisiwe (kufaka phakathi amafilimu kawoyela kanye namaconsi kawoyela) kumanzi angcolile ngesenzo somzimba kungahlukaniswa ngendlela yokuhlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi kungahlukaniswa nendlela yokuhlukaniswa kwe-suive kanye nendlela yokunqanda kwe-sounger. Amayunithi wezokwelashwa angewokwehlukaniswa kwamandla adonsela phansi ahlanganisa ukuqina, ukuntanta (flotation air), njll. Ukwahlukana kweCentrifugal ngokwayo kuwuhlobo lokwelashwa, amadivaysi asetshenzisiwe afaka i-centrifuge ne-hydrocyclone, njll; Indlela yokugcina isikrini inamayunithi amabili wokucubungula: ukugcinwa kwesikrini segridi nokuhlunga. Owangaphambili usebenzisa ama-grids nezikrini, kanti eyokugcina esebenzisa izihlungi zesihlabathi kanye nezihlungi zokwelashwa ezisuselwa kumgomo wokushisa okushisa nayo indlela yokwelashwa ngokomzimba, futhi amayunithi awo ukwelashwa afaka phakathi ukuhwamuka kanye ne-crystallization.
3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Indlela yokwelashwa kwamanzi osuswayo ehlukanisa futhi isuse ukungcoliswa okuncibilikisiwe nokujoyikayo kumanzi amdaka noma ibaguqula ibe yizinto ezilimazayo ngokuphendula kwamakhemikhali nokudluliselwa kwabantu abaningi. Ngendlela yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, amayunithi acubungula ngokususelwa ekuphendukeni kwamakhemikhali kwe-dosing yilezi: ukubheja, ukungathathi hlangothi, i-redox, njll; Ngenkathi amayunithi ecubungula asuselwa ekudluliseleni ngobuningi yilezi: Ukukhishwa, ukugqabhula, ukugaya, ukushintshanisa i-adsodiasis, njll. Phakathi kwazo, iyunithi yokwelashwa isebenzisa ukudluliswa kwesisindo inezenzo zamakhemikhali kanye nesenzo somzimba esihlobene, ngakho-ke kungahlukaniswa nendlela yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali futhi ibe ngolunye uhlobo lwendlela yokwelashwa, olubizwa ngendlela yendlela yokwelashwa, okubizwa ngokuthi yindlela yokwelashwa, ebizwa ngokuthi yindlela yokwelashwa.
isithombe
Inqubo evamile yokwelashwa kwendle
1. Amanzi adonsela amanzi amdaka
Izinkomba zokungcola ezinjengokuqukethwe kawoyela, i-codcr ne-bod5 ku-decuessing wature uketshezi ziphezulu kakhulu. Izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka ukukhishwa i-acid, centrifugation noma ukukhishwa kwe-solvent. Indlela yokukhishwa i-acid isetshenziswa kabanzi, ingeza i-H2SO4 ukulungisa inani le-PH libe ngu-3-4 ngokuhlukaniswa ngosawoti, nokuma ngosawoti, nokuma ngo-2-4 h, uwoyela kancane kancane uyantanta ukuze wakhe ungqimba lwamafutha. Ukuvuselelwa kwamafutha kungafinyelela kuma-96%, futhi ukususwa kwe-codcr kungaphezu kwama-92%. Ngokuvamile, ukugcotshwa kwesisindo kwamafutha asendaweni yokungena kwamanzi kuyi-8-10g / l, kanye nokuqothuka kwamafutha endaweni yokuphuma kwamanzi kungaphansi kwe-0,1 g / l. Amafutha abuyiselwe aqhutshwa futhi aguqulwe abe ama-acid ahlanganisiwe anokudla angasetshenziswa ukwenza insipho.
2. Ukukhawulela kanye ne-Hair Removal Wastewater
I-Liming and Hair Removal Wastewater iqukethe amaprotheni, i-lime, i-sodium sulfide, ama-solids amisiwe, ama-28% e-codcri, ama-92% ephelele e-S2-, nama-75% ama-SS. Izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka i-acidization, ukuhanjiswa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-oxidation.
Indlela ye-acidization ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni. Ngaphansi kwesimo sengcindezi engemihle, engeza i-H2SO4 ukulungisa inani le-PH kuye ku-4-4.5, Khiqiza i-H2S gesi, simunca nge-alkali ye-nao, futhi ukhiqize i-alkali esetshenzisiwe yokusebenzisa kabusha. Amaprotheni ancibilikayo anqunyelwe emanzini angcolile ahlungwa, agezwa, futhi omisiwe. ube ngumkhiqizo. Izinga lokususa le-sulfide lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, futhi ama-codcr nama-SS ancishiswa ngama-85% no-95% ngokulandelana. Izindleko zayo ziphansi, ukusebenza ngokukhiqiza kulula ukulawula, futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza ufinyeziwe.
3. I-Chrome Tanning Wastewater
Ukungcoliswa okuyinhloko kwe-Chrome Tanning Wasning Wastewater kuyinto esindayo yensimbi CR3 +, ukugxila kwesisindo kumayelana ne-3-4g / l, futhi ivelu ye-PH i-acidic. Izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka i-Alkali yezulu nokuphinda usebenzise kabusha. Ama-90% ama-tanneries asekhaya asebenzisa indlela ye-Alkali yezulu, engeza i-lime, i-sodium hydroxide, i-magnesium oxide, njll. Ukuchitha uketshezi lwe-chromium, ukuphendula ngamanzi asetshenziswa ngenqubo ye-chromium, okungasetshenziswa futhi kwi-sulfuric acid.
Ngesikhathi sokusabela, inani le-PH lingu-8.2-8.5, futhi imbewu ihamba phambili ku-40 ° C. I-Alkali Peripitant yi-Magnesium Oxide, isilinganiso sokubuyiselwa kwe-chromium singama-99%, kanti ukugxila kwesisindo se-chromium ku-affluent kungaphansi kwe-1 mg / l. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ilungele ama-tanneries amakhulu, kanye nokungcola okufana namafutha anvuza kanye namaprotheni ku-Chrome Mud esetshenzisiwe kuthinta umphumela wokushuba.
4. Amanzi aphelele angcolile
4.1. Uhlelo lokuhlekisa Ukuqoqwa kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kumiswe ama-solids emathangeni angcolile aphakeme. Uhlelo lokuhlekisa lusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ivolumu yamanzi nekhwalithi yamanzi; susa ama-SS futhi imiswe ama-solids; Yehlisa ingxenye yomthwalo wokungcola futhi udale izimo ezinhle zokwelashwa okulandelayo kwebhayoloji.
4.2. Uhlelo lwe-Biological Treatrical System: Njengamanje, i-oxidation ditch, i-SBR kanye ne-axidation yoxhumana naye yemvelo isetshenziswa kabanzi eChina, ngenkathi uJet aorator, i-batch biofilm (SBBILM (SBBR), umbhede ofihlekile we-anaerobic kanye ne-upflow anaerobic sludge embhedeni (UUSB).
Isikhathi Seposi: Jan-17-2023
