Indlela eyisisekelo yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile iwukusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ukuze kuhlukaniswe, kukhishwe futhi kusetshenziswe kabusha izinto ezingcolile eziqukethwe indle namanzi angcolile, noma ukuziguqule zibe izinto ezingenabungozi ukuze zihlanze amanzi.
Ziningi izindlela zokwelapha indle, ngokuvamile ezingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezine, okungukuthi ukwelapha ngebhayoloji, ukwelapha ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokwelashwa kwemvelo.
1. Ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Ngokusebenzisa i-metabolism yama-microorganisms, ukungcola okuphilayo ngendlela yezixazululo, ama-colloid kanye nokumiswa okuhle emanzini angcolile kuguqulwa kube izinto ezinzile nezingenabungozi. Ngokwamagciwane ahlukene, ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji kungahlukaniswa kube izinhlobo ezimbili: ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji ye-aerobic kanye nokwelashwa kwebhayoloji ye-anaerobic.
Indlela yokwelapha yebhayoloji ye-aerobic isetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelashweni kwebhayoloji kwamanzi angcolile. Ngokwezinqubo ezihlukene zenqubo, indlela yokwelapha yebhayoloji ye-aerobic ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezimbili: indlela ye-sludge ecushiwe kanye nendlela ye-biofilm. Inqubo ye-sludge ecushiwe ngokwayo iyunithi yokwelapha, inezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza. Impahla yokwelapha yendlela ye-biofilm ihlanganisa i-biofilter, i-turntable ye-biological, ithangi le-oxidation ye-biological kanye nombhede we-biological fluidized, njll. Indlela yechibi le-biological oxidation ibizwa nangokuthi indlela yokwelapha yemvelo yemvelo. Ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji ye-Anaerobic, okubuye kwaziwe njengokwelashwa kokunciphisa kwebhayoloji, kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha amanzi angcolile emvelo agxile kakhulu kanye nodaka.
2. Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba
Izindlela zokuhlukanisa nokubuyisela ukungcola okumisiwe okungancibiliki (okuhlanganisa ifilimu kawoyela namaconsi kawoyela) emanzini angcolile ngesenzo somzimba zingahlukaniswa ngendlela yokuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi, indlela yokuhlukanisa i-centrifugal kanye nendlela yokugcinwa kwesisefo. Amayunithi okwelapha ayingxenye yendlela yokuhlukanisa amandla adonsela phansi ahlanganisa ukucwiliswa kwenhlabathi, ukuntanta (i-air flotation), njll., kanye nemishini yokwelapha ehambisanayo i-grit chamber, ithangi le-sedimentation, isicupho samafutha, ithangi le-air flotation kanye nezinsiza zalo ezisizayo, njll.; ukuhlukaniswa kwe-centrifugal ngokwayo kuwuhlobo lweyunithi yokwelapha, amadivaysi okucubungula asetshenziswa ahlanganisa i-centrifuge ne-hydrocyclone, njll; indlela yokugcinwa kwesikrini inamayunithi amabili okucubungula: ukugcinwa kwesikrini segridi nokuhlunga. Owokuqala usebenzisa amagridi nezikrini, kanti lezi zamuva zisebenzisa Izihlungi zesihlabathi nezihlungi ze-microporous, njll. Indlela yokwelapha esekelwe esimisweni sokushintshaniswa kokushisa nayo iyindlela yokwelapha ngokomzimba, futhi amayunithi ayo okwelapha ahlanganisa ukuhwamuka kanye ne-crystallization.
3. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
Indlela yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ehlukanisa futhi isuse ukungcola okuncibilikisiwe kanye ne-colloidal emanzini angcolile noma iziguqule zibe izinto ezingenabungozi ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali nokudluliswa okukhulu. Ngendlela yokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, amayunithi okucubungula asekelwe ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali we-dosing yilezi: i-coagulation, i-neutralization, i-redox, njll.; kuyilapho amayunithi okucubungula asekelwe ekudlulisweni kobuningi yilawa: ukukhishwa, ukuhlubula, ukukhumula, i-adsorption, ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion, i-electrodialysis ne-osmosis ehlehlayo, njll. La mayunithi amabili okugcina okucubungula abizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ulwelwesi. Phakathi kwazo, iyunithi yokwelapha esebenzisa ukudluliswa okukhulu inakho kokubili isenzo samakhemikhali kanye nesenzo somzimba esihlobene, ngakho-ke ingahlukaniswa nendlela yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali futhi ibe olunye uhlobo lwendlela yokwelapha, ebizwa ngokuthi indlela yamakhemikhali angokwenyama.
isithombe
Inqubo evamile yokuhlanza indle
1. Ukunciphisa amanzi angcolile
Izinkomba zokunukubezeka ezifana nokuqukethwe uwoyela, i-CODcr ne-BOD5 oketshezini lwemfucuza okwehlisa amafutha ziphezulu kakhulu. Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukukhipha i-asidi, i-centrifugation noma i-solvent extraction. Indlela yokukhipha i-asidi isetshenziswa kakhulu, yengeza i-H2SO4 ukulungisa inani le-pH libe ngu-3-4 ukuze kukhishwe i-demulsification, ukufutheka nokuxubha ngosawoti, futhi ukuma ku-45-60 t amahora angu-2-4, amafutha antanta kancane kancane ukuze akhe amafutha. ungqimba. Ukubuyiswa kwamafutha kungafinyelela ku-96%, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-CODcr kungaphezu kwama-92%. Ngokuvamile, ukugcwala okukhulu kwamafutha endaweni yokungena emanzini kungu-8-10g/L, kanti uwoyela omningi endaweni ophuma kuyo amanzi ungaphansi kuka-0.1 g/L. Amafutha atholiwe aphinde acutshungulwe futhi aguqulwe abe ama-acids axubile angasetshenziswa ukwenza insipho.
2. Amanzi angcolile okufakwa kukalika nokususwa kwezinwele
Amanzi angcolile okufakwa kukalika nokususwa kwezinwele aqukethe amaprotheni, i-lime, i-sodium sulfide, okuqinile okumisiwe, u-28% wesamba se-CODcr, u-92% wesamba se-S2-, kanye no-75% wesamba se-SS. Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa i-acidification, imvula yamakhemikhali kanye ne-oxidation.
Indlela ye-acidification ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokucindezela okungekuhle, engeza i-H2SO4 ukuze ulungise ivelu ye-pH ibe ngu-4-4.5, ukhiqize igesi ye-H2S, uyidonse ngesisombululo se-NaOH, futhi ukhiqize i-alkali esibabule ukuze iphinde isetshenziswe. Iprotheni encibilikayo etholakala emanzini angcolile iyahlungwa, igezwe futhi yomiswe. ube umkhiqizo. Izinga lokususwa kwe-sulfide lingafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%, kanti i-CODcr ne-SS yehliswa ngo-85% no-95% ngokulandelana. Izindleko zayo ziphansi, ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kulula, kulula ukulawula, futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza uyafinyezwa.
3. Amanzi angcolile okushuka kwe-Chrome
Ukungcola okuyinhloko kwamanzi angcolile okushuka nge-chrome yi-heavy metal Cr3+, ukugxiliswa kwesisindo cishe ku-3-4g/L, futhi inani le-pH line-asidi ebuthakathaka. Izindlela zokwelashwa zifaka imvula ye-alkali kanye nokugaywa kabusha okuqondile. U-90% wezimboni zasekhaya zisebenzisa indlela ye-alkali precipitation, yengeza i-lime, i-sodium hydroxide, i-magnesium oxide, njll. ukumosha uketshezi lwe-chromium, ukusabela kanye nokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni ukuze kutholwe udaka oluqukethe i-chromium, olungasetshenziswa kabusha enqubweni yokushuka ngemva kokuncibilikiswa ku-asidi ye-sulfuric. .
Ngesikhathi sokusabela, inani le-pH lingu-8.2-8.5, futhi imvula ingcono kakhulu ku-40°C. I-alkali precipitant yi-magnesium oxide, izinga lokutholwa kwe-chromium lingu-99%, futhi ukugcwala kwe-chromium emanzini angcolile kungaphansi kuka-1 mg/L. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ilungele izikhumba ezinkulu zesikhumba, futhi ukungcola okufana namafutha ancibilikayo namaprotheni odakeni lwe-chrome olugaywe kabusha kuzothinta umphumela wokushuka.
4. Amanzi angcolile aphelele
4.1. Uhlelo lokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Ngokuyinhloko luhlanganisa izindawo zokwelapha ezifana ne-grille, ithangi elilawulayo, ithange lokuthungatha kanye nethangi lokuntanta komoya. Ukuhlangana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe emanzini angcolile e-tannery kuphezulu. Uhlelo lokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi lusetshenziselwa ukulungisa umthamo wamanzi kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi; susa i-SS kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe; ukunciphisa ingxenye yomthwalo wokungcola futhi kudale izimo ezinhle zokwelashwa okulandelayo kwebhayoloji.
4.2. Uhlelo lokwelapha lwebhayoloji: ρ(CODcr) wamanzi angcolile e-tannery ngokuvamile angu-3000-4000 mg/L, ρ(BOD5) ingu-1000-2000mg/L, okungamanzi angcolile emvelo agxile kakhulu, m(BOD5)/m(CODcr) inani Ingu-0.3-0.6, elungele ukwelashwa kwezinto eziphilayo. Njengamanje, umsele we-oxidation, i-SBR kanye ne-biological contact oxidation isetshenziswa kabanzi e-China, kuyilapho i-jet aeration, i-batch biofilm reactor (SBBR), umbhede owenziwe ngamanzi kanye nombhede we-sludge anaerobic upflow (UASB).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-17-2023
